Shanghai’s origins date back over a thousand years but its transformation from a modest fishing village to one of the world’s largest metropolises is marked by turmoil and bloodshed. The area was initially a small settlement under the Song dynasty between 960 - 1279AD, primarily a fishing and textile hub.

Stretching over 21,000 kilometres across rugged mountains, arid deserts and sweeping valleys, the Great Wall of China stands as one of the most iconic and enduring structures in human history. Built, rebuilt and expanded over many centuries by a succession of Chinese dynasties, this colossal fortification was designed to safeguard the Chinese empire from invading forces, particularly the nomadic tribes from the northern steppes, including the Mongols.