Bạch Mã Temple

Bạch Mã Temple, the oldest temple in Hanoi’s Old Quarter, traces its origins back to the year 1010, during the reign of Emperor Lý Thái Tổ. It is one of four sacred temples in the city, constructed to stand as a spiritual guardian for the eastern side of ancient Thang Long (modern-day Hanoi) and was carefully chosen according to the principles of geomancy and the cardinal points.

Originally part of a larger complex in the heart of the city, the temple was constructed to honour the spirit of Bac Ma, a legendary & sacred white horse believed to have played a crucial role in protecting the city and its people. According to folklore, Bạch Mã appeared to the Emperor in a dream and led him to the banks of the Red River, where it offered strategic advice that would ultimately secure him the throne. In gratitude, the King ordered the temple to be built in the horse’s honour, enshrining its spirit within the temple as a divine protector and guardian of Hanoi.

Bạch Mã Temple also honours and enshrines Long Đỗ, an ancient and powerful spirit of Hanoi. He is considered the God of the Earth and is deeply rooted in Vietnamese mythology. Known as the "Navel of the Dragon," he symbolises Hanoi’s position as the heart of a mystical dragon’s body, embodying the city’s spiritual centre. When the Emperor established the ancient capital, he consulted Long Đỗ for guidance, to ensure divine protection over the city from from invasions, plagues and natural disasters.

Bac Ma is a symbol of loyalty, strength and divine will, guiding the ancient king to successfully establish his capital and safeguard the city's future

The overall design of Bạch Mã reflects a fusion of traditional architectural styles that were introduced to Vietnam during a thousand years of Chinese imperial rule. The temple is structured in the classic three-chamber format symbolizing the sacred trinity of Heaven, Earth and Humanity. The interior is adorned with bronze bells, ceremonial incense burners and stone steles that have been inscribed with important historical records, helping to preserve the temple’s long legacy. At the heart of the temple is the sacred altar dedicated to the White Horse, the site of divination practices, where worshippers seek answers to important questions through ritual and spiritual guidance.

Today, Bạch Mã is not listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site (yet) but is considered a national treasure, not just because of its age but because it is seen as a protective spirit, helping to maintain the safety, harmony and prosperity of Hanoi for over 1000 years. It remains an essential part of Hanoi’s spiritual & cultural heritage and has retained much of its original charm.

Location : 76 Hang Buom Street, Hanoi Old Quarter

How to get there : Bạch Mã Temple is right in the heart of the old quarter and is an easy walk from Hoan Kiem Lake in the Old Quarter. Alternatively, you can grab a taxi or Xe Om motorbike for around 60,000VND and it will take roughly 10 minutes to reach. There are also several public buses that all stop regularly near the temple entrance.

Attraction Info : The temple is open daily between 8am - 11am & 2pm - 8pm. While entry is free, you may be approached for a small donation, which goes towards temple upkeep. When visiting Bạch Mã Temple, it is important to follow respectful etiquette to honour the sacred space. Visitors should dress modestly, covering shoulders and knees and remove hats or sunglasses before entering the main worship areas. When making offerings, do so gently and with sincerity. It is customary to bow slightly before the altar, whether or not you are actively participating in a ritual. Check before you take photos inside, as photography is often restricted near altars and sacred statues.

Explore Vietnam

Thanks for reading about Bạch Mã Temple. Check more destinations here!